Substance use in the workplace is a growing concern, with certain industries experiencing higher rates of drug use due to work-related stress, physical demands, long hours, and workplace culture. Identifying the industries most affected by drug use can help employers implement effective policies, protect workplace safety, and support employees dealing with substance abuse issues.
Industries with the Highest Rates of Drug Use
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have conducted extensive research on workplace drug use. Their findings indicate that industries with high-stress environments, irregular work schedules, and physically demanding tasks tend to have the highest rates of substance use.
1. Accommodation and Food Services
Drug Use Rate: Approximately 19% of workers in this industry reported using illicit drugs in the past month. Topping the list as the industry with the highest rate of drug use in workers.
Why Is Drug Use Common in This Industry?
- High-Stress Environment: Restaurant and hotel workers deal with demanding customers, long hours, and high-pressure situations, leading some to use substances as a coping mechanism.
- Low Wages and Job Instability: Many employees rely on tips and often work part-time or irregular hours, increasing financial stress and contributing to drug use.
- Easy Access to Alcohol and Drugs: Many restaurants and bars have a culture where drinking after shifts is normalized. Additionally, drugs such as cocaine and marijuana are often used to stay alert or unwind after long hours.
Workplace Risks:
- Impaired employees may struggle with customer service, leading to poor business performance.
- Increased risk of accidents in kitchens, where sharp objects and hot surfaces are common.
- Higher rates of absenteeism and turnover.
2. Construction Industry
Drug Use Rate: Nearly 15% of construction workers reported using illicit drugs in the past month.
Contributing Factors to High Drug Use:
- Physically Demanding Labor: Construction work often involves strenuous activities, leading many workers to self-medicate with opioids or stimulants for pain relief or energy boosts.
- Seasonal and Temporary Work: Many construction jobs are temporary, leading to financial uncertainty and stress.
- High Workplace Injury Rates: The physically demanding nature of construction work results in frequent injuries. Some workers develop opioid dependency after being prescribed painkillers.
Workplace Risks:
- Increased likelihood of workplace accidents due to impaired motor skills and slower reaction times.
- Higher workers’ compensation claims due to injury-related substance use.
- Negative impact on teamwork and productivity.
3. Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Drug Use Rate: Around 14% of employees in this industry use illicit drugs regularly.
Why Is Drug Use Prevalent?
- Creative Work Environment: Some artists, musicians, and performers believe drug use enhances creativity. This perception, combined with a historically permissive culture, leads to higher rates of substance use.
- Unconventional Work Hours: Late-night performances, irregular schedules, and high-pressure deadlines contribute to stress and drug use.
- Social Influence: Networking events, industry parties, and festival environments frequently involve alcohol and recreational drug use.
Workplace Risks:
- Impaired judgment and decision-making, affecting artistic performance and business negotiations.
- Higher rates of mental health struggles, including depression and substance dependency.
- Unpredictable job performance due to inconsistent behavior.
4. Mining Industry
Drug Use Rate: Approximately 12% of workers in the mining sector report illicit drug use, with opioids being particularly common.
Why Is Drug Use High in Mining?
- Physically Demanding and Dangerous Work: The mining industry has one of the highest workplace injury rates. Many workers turn to opioids and painkillers for relief.
- Isolated Work Environments: Many mining jobs require workers to live in remote locations for extended periods, increasing stress and boredom, which can lead to substance abuse.
- Long and Irregular Shifts: Shift work and exhaustion lead some workers to rely on stimulants to stay awake and focused.
Workplace Risks:
- Increased likelihood of life-threatening accidents due to impairment.
- Poor decision-making that could endanger entire crews.
- High healthcare costs associated with addiction and overdose incidents.
5. Manufacturing Industry
Drug Use Rate: Between 9-11% of manufacturing workers report using drugs.
Factors Contributing to Drug Use:
- Repetitive and Physically Demanding Tasks: Workers often perform the same motions for hours, leading to physical strain and increased use of opioids or alcohol for pain relief.
- Rotating Shifts and Fatigue: Many manufacturing jobs require shift work, disrupting sleep schedules and prompting some employees to use stimulants to stay alert.
- Job Stress and Job Security Issues: Factory closures and layoffs cause financial uncertainty, which can contribute to substance abuse.
Workplace Risks:
- Increased chance of workplace injuries due to impairment.
- Machinery-related accidents, which can be fatal if employees are under the influence.
- Reduced productivity and higher absenteeism.
6. Transportation and Warehousing
Drug Use Rate: Around 9% of employees in this industry use illicit substances.
Why Is Drug Use a Concern?
- Long Hours on the Road: Truck drivers often work for extended periods without rest, leading some to use amphetamines or cocaine to stay awake.
- Loneliness and Isolation: Many drivers spend weeks away from home, increasing stress and leading to substance use as a coping mechanism.
- Strict Drug Testing Requirements: Despite mandatory testing, some workers still use drugs, leading to high-profile cases of impaired driving.
Workplace Risks:
- Increased risk of accidents, endangering both employees and the public.
- High insurance costs for companies due to impaired driving incidents.
- Potential legal liabilities for businesses employing workers who fail drug tests.
Addressing Workplace Substance Use
1. Implementing Drug Testing Policies
- Employers in high-risk industries should have clear pre-employment, random, and post-accident drug testing policies.
- Employers must also navigate medical marijuana laws and ensure compliance with state and federal regulations.
2. Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)
- Companies should provide confidential counseling services for employees struggling with addiction.
- Workplaces should offer substance abuse education and prevention programs to raise awareness.
3. Promoting a Healthy Work Environment
- Reducing workplace stress through better scheduling, fair wages, and wellness programs can decrease drug use.
- Encouraging work-life balance and mental health support is essential.
Conclusion
While drug use exists in all industries, hospitality, construction, entertainment, and manufacturing experience the highest rates. Employers should focus on safety, education, and support programs to reduce substance abuse. By implementing drug policies, offering employee assistance programs, and fostering healthier work environments, businesses can create safer and more productive workplaces.
References
- National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2023). Substance Use and Substance Use Disorder by Industry. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26913332/
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2023). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Report. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report
- U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). (2023). DOT Drug Testing Regulations. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/odapc/part40
